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The Dome of the Rock (, translit.: ''Qubbat Al-Sakhrah'', , translit.: ''Kipat Hasela'') is a shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem. It was initially completed in 691 CE at the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik during the Second Fitna. The Dome of the Rock is now one of the oldest works of Islamic architecture. It has been called "Jerusalem's most recognizable landmark". Its architecture and mosaics were patterned after nearby Byzantine churches and palaces.〔 The octagonal plan of the structure may also have been influenced by the Byzantine Chapel of St Mary (also known as Kathisma and al-Qadismu) built between 451 and 458 on the road between Jerusalem and Bethlehem.〔Avner, Rina ("The Dome of the Rock in Light of the development of Concentric Martyria in Jerusalem" ) article in ''Muqarnas: An annual on the visual cultures of the Islamic World'' Vol 27, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2010, pp. 43–44〕 The site's significance stems from religious traditions regarding the rock, known as the Foundation Stone, at its heart, which bears great significance for Jews and Muslims. ==Location== The Dome of the Rock is located at the visual center of a platform known in English as the Temple Mount and in Arabic as Al-Haram al-Sharif, or "the Noble Sanctuary". It was constructed on the site of the Second Jewish Temple, which was destroyed during the Roman Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Muslims believe the location of the Dome of the Rock to be the site of the Islamic miracle of the Isra and Mi'raj. Caliph Omar ibn al Khattab (579–644) was advised by his associate, Ka'ab al-Ahbar, a Jewish rabbi who converted to Islam,〔(Yakub of Syria (Ka'b al-Ahbar) Last Jewish Attempt at Islamic Leadership ) Committee for Historical Research in Islam and Judaism, © 2004–2012, accessed July 2013. "He continued to follow Rabbinic tradition such that later Islamic historians questioned whether he ever 'converted' to Islam."〕 that The Night Journey (Isra and Mi'raj), which is mentioned in the Qur'an and specified by the hadiths of being located in Jerusalem, took place at the site of the former Jewish Temples. ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dome of the Rock」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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